Colorectal cancer develops when cells in the colon or rectum become abnormal and grow uncontrollably. Most colorectal cancers begin as polyps – small growths on the inner lining of the colon or rectum. While not all polyps turn cancerous, some can over time.
The exact cause of colorectal cancer is often unknown, but several factors can increase the risk of developing it:
In Australia, colorectal cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer, with over 17,000 cases diagnosed annually, according to the Cancer Council Australia.
Colorectal cancer often presents with vague or non-specific symptoms, especially in the early stages. Symptoms may include:
It is important to note that these symptoms can also be caused by other conditions, such as haemorrhoids or irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). However, if you experience persistent changes in bowel habits or notice blood in your stool, it is essential to seek medical advice promptly.
A combination of tests is used to diagnose colorectal cancer:
The treatment plan for colorectal cancer depends on the stage of the disease (how far it has spread) and the patient’s overall health. The main treatment options include:
Surgery is the most common treatment for colorectal cancer and may involve removing part or all of the affected colon or rectum.
Types of Surgery:
Types of Surgical Procedures:
In some cases, a temporary colostomy may be required, where an opening is made in the abdomen for waste to be collected in a bag. This may be reversed later in some cases.
Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill or shrink cancer cells. It is often recommended after surgery to reduce the risk of cancer returning, particularly in advanced stages. Chemotherapy may also be used to shrink tumours before surgery, making the operation easier.
Radiation therapy uses high-energy rays to target and kill cancer cells. It is often used for rectal cancer or for patients who are not candidates for surgery. It can also be used in conjunction with chemotherapy to enhance effectiveness.
Targeted therapy drugs work by specifically targeting cancer cells without affecting normal cells, while immunotherapy aims to help the body’s immune system fight cancer. These treatments are used in certain cases, especially for advanced or metastatic colorectal cancer.
Colorectal cancer surgery is generally safe, but like any surgery, it carries some risks:
However, the benefits of surgery often outweigh the risks, particularly for patients with localised cancer.
The prognosis for colorectal cancer depends on the stage at diagnosis:
Regular screening is vital, as it can help detect colorectal cancer in its earliest, most treatable stages. The National Bowel Cancer Screening Program offers free screening for Australians aged 50-to-74.
At Sydney Surgical Associates, we provide expert care for patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer. Our experienced team of surgeons work closely with oncologists and other specialists to offer the best possible treatment plan tailored to each patient’s needs.
We provide advanced surgical options, including minimally invasive laparoscopic surgery, to ensure a quicker recovery and less postoperative pain. We also offer ongoing support through chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and other treatments.
